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Author Archives: robinengelman

A RUFF, ruffe, Rough history. Alas, it’s a Drag.

The Ruff: two grace notes preceding a primary note.

1570-1675 – An exalted or elated state.
1706 – “The drum beats a Ruff and so to bed.”  Farquhar; Recruiting Officer.
1726 – “At the turning of every glass during the night, we beat three Ruffs on the drum.” Shelvocke; Voyage Around the World.

The Oxford English Dictionary contains many entries for the word ruff. Of interest to me are three dating from the mid 16th century, a decorative shirt collar or cuff, an expression of applause by making noise with the feet and a beat or ruffle upon a drum. Might the last be the origin of Ruffles and Flourishes, a ceremonial military greeting played in the United States Army by bugles and drums?

The earliest reference to a Ruff as a drum beat appears in a manuscript titled Thomas Fisher Version dated ca.1634 by the British Museum. Of the six entries, two are single strokes representing the left and right Hands. Four are ruffs: Full Ruff; 1/2 Ruff; Stroke and ruff; and a ruff and a half joined together. All appear in words or letters only.

Though not dated, the next appearance of the Ruff  is believed to have been in the mid to late 1600s and is titled The grounds of beating ye drum. This one page manuscript was discovered inside a book owned by Francis Ducet, pronounced Douse. Among the descriptions of strokes, the following appears: a half ruffe, a whole ruffe, and a ruffe n half. A glyph represents each beat.

In The Revolutionary War Drummer’s Book; Massachusetts Historical Society, ca.1778-1810, one finds 18 patterns written in 18th century drum notation.. Among these are the 3-stroke roll; a stroke and two strokes; a ruff 1, 2, 3, 4 quick from hand-to-hand.

The Drag: two grace notes preceding a primary note.

The Drag first appears as Draggs in Young Drummer’s Assistant, London, ca. 1785. Only one example is given. As engraved, see below, the draggs are identical in execution to Ruffs. The word Ruff does not appear in the book.

Draggs. The Young Drummer's Assistant, London, ca. 1785

Draggs. The Young Drummer’s Assistant, London, ca. 1785

Between 1810 and 1869, thirteen snare drum manuals, methods or Tutors, are known to have been published in the United States. Only eight of the 13 contain the Ruff. Whereas, the drag and drag combinations appear in all 13.

In 1933 the National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD) appropriated its list of drum Rudiments from the Gardiner A. Strube .  .  .  a New and entirely Original System of expressing Hand to Hand Drumming. Strube put down 25 Lessons, among them the Ruff, Single Drag and the Double Drag.

N.A.R.D. rudiments 8, 9, and 10.

N.A.R.D. rudiments 8, 9, and 10.

In 2002 the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) renamed The Ruff calling it without prefix, Drag.

PAS Rudiments 31, 32 and 33

PAS Rudiments 31, 32 and 33

The PAS list of drum rudiments can be seen in, Campbell, James: Rudiments in Rhythm, Meredith Music Publications, Maryland, 2002.

The NARD list can be seen in, America’s N.A.R.D. Drum Solos; Ludwig Music, Chicago.

Note:  Please see my article, A Ruff Death (1634-2008, Requiescat in pace)

 

 

 
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Posted by on June 25, 2014 in Articles, Fifes & Drums, History

 

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Andrew Wyeth and Oysters

 

Andrew Wyeth

1917, Chadds Ford, PA. – 2009 Chadds Ford, PA.

My first encounter with Andrew Wyeth was in1968 after Houghton-Mifflin published a sumptious, oversized book with reproductions of his paintings on heavy rag paper titled “Andrew Wyeth”. Later, as part of a War for Independence road trip that included Valley Forge and Brandywine Battlefield, my wife and I visited Chadds Ford.[1.] It was there I began to understand the love Wyeth had expressed for his mysterious, tucked-away-world. Wyeth’s subtle, almost invisible egg tempera colours and textures were fascinating. I’d never followed his career and I learned of his death long after his passing. However, something in the spiritual ambience of his work, if not yet quite grasped, remained with me.

That missing something was finally revealed in May 2014 when we visited a large and conprehensive Wyeth exhibit in the National Gallery, Washington, DC called Looking Out, Looking In. The exhibit began with numerous watercolours, all new to me and they wove themselves seamlessly into his sketches and paintings. I discovered a nowness that Wyeth had captured – those incredibly timeless moments, the hallmark of a great artist. Many years ago Toru Takemitsu said,”Vermeer is not about colour”.  And indeed colour is not what he was about. Nor was Wyeth.

In Wyeth as in Vermeer, there is more, a most important more. As I meandered from room to room, Wyeth’s paintings evolved into a private world of my own and became abstractions

Seed Corn, 1948, Private Collection.

Seed Corn, 1948, Private Collection.

Cellar Fireplace, 1955, Oklahoma City Museum of Art.

Cellar Fireplace, 1955, Oklahoma City Museum of Art.

 

In 1965, Wyeth said that although he was thought of as a realist, he thought of himself as an abstractionist: “My people, my objects breathe in a different way: there’s another core — an excitement that’s definitely abstract. My God, when you really begin to peer into something, a simple object, and realize the profound meaning of that thing — if you have an emotion about it, there’s no end”.

Howard Pyle was to my mind a superb illustrator and painter. Pyle painted a great and recently stolen picture of English Grenadier drummers pushing their colleagues up Breed’s (Bunker) Hill towards their second repulse by the “Colonial rabble”. Pyle lived in Chadds Ford as did N.C. Wyeth, Andrew Wyeth’s father, who studied with him. Andrew Wyeth said that illustrators like Howard Pyle painted pictures.

Battle of Bunker Hill, Howard Pyle, 1889.

Battle of Bunker Hill, Howard Pyle, 1889.

Below is one of my favorite pictures. I took it after a long day on the Capital Mall. My wife and I had a marvelous bottle of Vouvray as an accompaniment to these even more marvelous Chesapeake Bay bivalves. (Eat your hearts out, ye denizins of P.E.I. or anywhere else for that matter.)

Starters, a Plate of 12 at Hank's Oyster Bar. Washington, D.C. photograph by R.E., 2009.

Starters, a Plate of 12 at Hank’s Oyster Bar. Washington, D.C. photograph by R.E., 2009.

 

[1.]  Chadds Ford was the major crossing of Brandywine Creek by the road from Baltimore to Philadelphia. The battle was fought 11 September 1777 between approximately 14,000 troops under General George Washington and 15,000 under General Sir William Howe. Though occupying a strong position, Washington failed to send out scouts and his right flank was turned. The defeat led to Howe capturing Philadelphia and Washington establishing winter quarters at Valley Forge.

 

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Evergreen Club Contemporary Gamelan

If one ignores the fact that over half their players are new to the group, one could say the Evergreen Club has been around for 30 years.  Blair Mackay  the Club’s director since 1993, acted as host for the 2nd of 2 concerts held at Array Space on 22 June, 2014.

For some reason Blair chose to program music written for the club in the early 1990s. This decision was not explained and I thought it a bit odd that none of the music written for them in the last decade or more had been programmed.  Only four of the10 performers could be considered Club old timers, Blair Mackay, Andrew Timar, Mark Duggan and Bill Parsons. Perhaps some of them had played these works 20 years ago. Perhaps that, or lack of rehearsal time could explain the vintage repertoire.

The two opening works were by Andrew Timar, the Club’s resident Suling (flute) player and one of its founding members. Then followed works by the late Nic Gotham, Henry Kucharzyk, the late John Wyre and finally the club founder in 1983, John Siddall.

All the works were engaging if sometimes too long. With the exception of  Andrew Timar’s The Quality of Mercy, all were well played.  The Quality of Mercy opens with a number of conducted single strokes, none of which were together.  I mentioned this to a friend of mine who told me the effect was intended. Sorry, I apologize.

There was some brilliant xylophone playing by Mark Duggan on what sounded to me like simple wooden slats. Michelle Colton played steel pan in John Wyre’s Island of Silence (1994). There were no program notes, an ommission I found inexcusable for older works and especially for an anniversary concert. I believe Island of Silence was written for Paul Ormandy and if memory serves, the premier was in the Glenn Gould theater. Michelle’s performance on steel pan was fluid and well-balanced. Her steel pan notes end with a “twang” and that was more than a bit disturbing. At any rate, to my ears the steel pan simply did not fit into the ensemble’s sound.

Henry Kucharzyk’s 1992 Toy Garage was for me the best work on the program with Palace (1993) by Jon Siddall a close 2nd.

It used to bother me that everything the Club played was in the same key. The thought again crossed my mind, but this evening it was not off putting. The club has good players and their control of complex rhythms and dynamics is remarkably good.

All the more reason to wonder how a group that commissioned composers such as Lou Harrison, John Cage, Gilles Tremblay, Jim Tenney and more, has survived 30 years in Toronto and today, is unable to attract an audience larger than about 25 people. I was told attendance at the first concert of these two was similar. That is pitiable. Was the lack of attendance due to World Cup soccer, lack of promotion, or a lack of interest?

The reasons for poor attendence are often difficult to determine, but one must wonder how the group’s development is being handled. Blair welcomed the new members to “the Evergreen family”, Ryan Scott, Dan Morphy, Michelle Colton, Rick Sacks, Etienne Levesque and Adam Campbell. They are some of Toronto’s best and busiest musicians.

Are they now members of the Club, or was Blair’s reference to family a bit disingenuous? If allowed input, they’d surely elevate audience size and much more. I’m very interested to find out if the new blood has some effect on the Club’s future.

 

 

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